Exploring how tiny chemical structures can tackle big environmental challenges, from PFAS contamination to resource recovery.
What makes a material truly effective—and how can those insights spark the next generation of solutions? That’s the question NAWI researcher Ethan Pezoulas and his team are answering by moving beyond material design to uncover the principles that drive performance.
For Ethan, an interest in water started long before graduate school—shaped by years spent outdoors in Alberta, Canada. “I grew up hiking, camping, skiing, and playing hockey,” he says. “I was surrounded by rivers, lakes, and snow-fed streams. You can’t spend that much time outdoors and not start thinking about how vital water is—and how we manage it.”
After earning his BSc in Chemistry from the University of Calgary, Ethan moved to Berkeley to join the Jeff Long research group at UC Berkeley. Now in his fifth year of a Chemistry PhD program, he reflects: “I’ve been loving it.” His academic path was driven by curiosity and a desire to bridge two worlds—fundamental chemistry and real-world impact. “I like knowing the fundamental chemistry, but what’s most satisfying is applying it to real-world problems,” he says.
That mindset defines Ethan’s work today. “The overarching theme of my research is developing porous materials for aqueous separations of environmental and economic importance,” he explains. In simple terms, Ethan creates tiny structures with chemical ‘hooks’ that latch onto specific substances. He then builds these into porous materials—like advanced sponges—that can pull certain contaminants out of water while letting everything else pass through.
Within his NAWI project, Ethan is tackling two major challenges: removing selenium and PFAS from water. PFAS—often called “forever chemicals”—are persistent, harmful substances found in nearly every water source on the planet. Selenium, while essential in trace amounts, can be toxic at higher concentrations and is a growing concern in wastewater from agriculture and industry.
Ethan’s materials work by selectively binding these contaminants, pulling them from water while leaving behind what’s safe. And here’s the breakthrough: by studying why these chemical modifications work so well, Ethan and his team discovered design principles that can be applied beyond their current system.
“In theory, you could take what we learned about the chemical modifications and apply it to different frameworks or different sponges that might be better suited for other applications,” Ethan explains.
That insight turns a single innovation into a platform for many—enabling next-generation adsorbents that could address a wide range of water challenges.
For Ethan, this isn’t just academic achievement; it’s part of a bigger vision. “I want to keep doing research for direct application—taking what we know and applying it to real-world solutions,” he says. While he values fundamental science, his passion lies in innovation that makes a difference. “It’s satisfying to know the principles behind something, but the real excitement comes when you can see it making an impact.”
The National Alliance for Water Innovation (NAWI) played a pivotal role in this journey. Beyond funding, NAWI provided clarity on priorities, access to resources, and a network of collaborators. “NAWI gave us direction and connected us with a community. Those conversations and partnerships have been just as important as the research itself,” Ethan notes.
Outside of NAWI, Ethan is exploring how to recover critical minerals—such as precious metals or rare earth elements—from the chemical solutions left over after recycling electronics, magnets, and batteries. “Instead of mining raw materials, which can be environmentally destructive, we can recover critical elements from existing waste streams,” he says. This not only supports sustainability but also strengthens supply chains for clean energy technologies.
As he looks ahead, Ethan is leaning toward industry—where fundamental research can become products that change how water is treated worldwide. His work is a reminder that understanding the science behind performance isn’t just academic—it’s the key to unlocking cleaner, safer, and more sustainable water technologies for the future.
The National Alliance for Water Innovation (NAWI) NextGen Program supports the development of early-career NAWI researchers and members of the alliance to help build a domestic workforce capable of driving future research and development in the water energy sector. Early-career NAWI-affiliated scientists, including graduate students, postdoctoral researchers, and early-career staff members are encouraged to join the program!